Pave the way to sustainability with permeable pavers
Permeable pavers allow rainwater and snowmelt to filter through more readily than standard pavers, reducing the risk of flooding.
They can help reduce the strain on local stormwater systems and contribute to cleaner groundwater.
Permeable pavers reduce erosion and can even help protect your home’s foundation.
Permeable pavers are usually only slightly more expensive than standard options due to increased material and labor costs.
When it’s pouring rain outside, there are a few options for making the most out of your walkways and driveway. It’s often unpleasant to walk on the muddy ground, gravel can leave natural streaks where the rain flows, and traditional pavement can be problematic for stormwater runoff—routing it straight to an overwhelmed storm drain rather than your plants.
Permeable pavers, on the other hand, can enhance your curb appeal, create the perfect outdoor party space and lovely walkways for meandering through your garden, and help the environment by accommodating the natural water cycle. Here’s what you need to know about this environmentally-friendly pavement option.
Permeable pavers come in a variety of designs, but the most common imitate standard pavers. They’re a bit like puzzle pieces, with plastic, concrete, asphalt, or clay bricks as the primary building material. Unlike interlocking puzzle pieces, however, permeable pavers have wide joints or gaps made out of permeable materials like grass, gravel, crushed quartz, or some other aggregate between each paver. These aggregates create the permeability that allows water to flow between the hardscape materials.
You can use permeable pavers on your driveway, front walkway, patio, or garden pathways. Depending on the aggregate and type of paver hardscape you choose, your design will either create an earthy, rustic, or natural aesthetic that also retains and redistributes rainwater in a way that keeps it all from streaming down the drain.
If you're deciding between permeable and non-permeable pavers, there are a few key differences to note.
Non-permeable pavers consist of concrete and sand molded into the desired shape. These pavers have stiff joints filled with polymeric sand for durability and to prevent weeds from taking root. The base for these is thin and made of concrete sand and gravel, and minimal water can flow through.
Permeable pavers usually have wide joints to allow water to flow to the ground beneath. Some permeable paver systems also use more porous concrete, clay stones, or bricks, so some additional water can wick through the paver itself. Constructing a project out of these pavers is ideal for areas where water collects or additional drainage is necessary. The base for these pavers is deeper and filled with gravel, and less shifting occurs.
Permeable pavers work much like your traditional concrete or asphalt pavement. Pavers are solid and durable, and they utilize the power of hardscape material to allow for vehicle and foot traffic without sustaining damage. In some cases, the pavers themselves are more porous, but these systems usually rely on wider gaps filled with permeable material to allow for more water to flow through into the ground below.
Permeable pavers also often have a deeper base of crushed gravel below to allow a higher volume of water to permeate into the soil underneath. Some systems are even equipped with drainage pipes integrated into the base to collect water and route it to a safe area for disposal.
While researching your options for environmentally-friendly pavers, you might come across a few different names that all seem very similar: permeable interlocking concrete pavers, porous pavers, and pervious pavers.
Permeable interlocking concrete pavers have impermeable concrete bricks as the primary building material, similar to standard pavers. The difference is that there’s a porous aggregate in between the bricks to let water flow through the surface rather than across, and the gap is wider to allow more water.
This type of paver is the most popular option for residential homes, as they tend to cost about the same as standard pavers, and the appearance is nearly identical but with larger gaps between pavers.
As the name suggests, porous pavers are porous. These pavers contain a grid-like structure made of concrete, plastic, rubber, or another impermeable material, depending on the kind of traffic traveling across the surface.
The permeable pores often contain grass (called grass paver blocks), gravel, or sand to allow water to flow through and absorb into the ground underneath and around the hardscape.
Porous pavers allow a higher volume of water through than permeable interlocking concrete pavers, but since the even larger gaps feature gravel or grass, they create more of a lattice appearance than one of solid paver material.
Pervious concrete pavers are the costliest type of permeable paver. Instead of using an aggregate in the joint system, this option uses porous asphalt or concrete as the aggregate and hardscape material. The material is durable but less compact than standard asphalt and concrete, allowing water to filter through to the ground beneath the pavement.
Your landscape, environment, and desired aesthetic will inform the type of hardscaping material you need. For example, stone pavers are ideal for temperate climates. If you're not sure what material is right for you, consult with a landscaping professional.
Permeable pavers are environmentally friendly, but what else do these paver systems offer you as a homeowner? Choosing a permeable paver for your home has many benefits:
Permeable pavers help remove pollutants from water. When a paving stone or permeable surface absorbs rain or surface water, the water seeps into the aggregate base underneath before entering the soil. This base serves as a natural filtration system that can remove or reduce pollutants.
Recycled materials play a big role in pavers’ construction. Homeowners who want to install driveway pavers and remove their existing concrete can recycle the old material and be good stewards of the environment. This recycled concrete is a key component in making new paving stones.
Permeable pavers help with stormwater management. By more evenly distributing rainwater across the ground, permeable pavers help prevent flooding and erosion, and they reduce runoff water that can overwhelm storm drains.
Paving stones can have a natural, rustic appearance. Some homeowners elect to have their paving stones laid further apart so grass can grow between them. Homeowners can achieve this natural aesthetic in any space, including driveways, patios, and walkways.
Permeable pavers are extremely durable and perfect for high-traffic areas. Concrete or asphalt pavers are strong enough to hold even larger vehicles without breaking or cracking. Many pros even recommend them for parking lots as a Low Impact Development Strategy (LID). More commercial developers are installing driveway pavers instead of laying solid concrete.
Permeable interlocking concrete pavers don’t crack like traditional concrete pavers. This pavement option is more durable than a concrete or asphalt pavement system, as the pores allow for airspace and natural temperature changes and fluctuations in the soil. In other words, you won’t need to repair your pavement as frequently.
Installing permeable pavers may qualify you for a tax rebate. Some cities offer incentive programs and rebates for installing permeable pavements, depending on where you reside.
The average cost to install permeable pavers is between $10 to $40 per square foot, so you’ll usually spend a bit more on permeable pavers than you would on the cost of interlocking pavers. For the sake of comparison, standard pavers—excluding materials like flagstone—will cost between $8 and $25 per square foot in most cases.
Material is a big cost factor, with plastic grids and grass as the aggregate falling at the low end of the price range and permeable stone pavers coming in at the higher end of the price range. For elaborate or custom designs or those that include underground drainage systems, you could pay even higher rates for added labor.
While permeable pavers come with prices up to twice as high as other hardscaping costs—like if you chose standard poured concrete, pavers are less likely to crack and easier to replace if a single paver gets damaged over time, making them less expensive to maintain.
You’ll need to follow a few comprehensive steps to get the best permeable pavers for your home’s landscape. This includes:
Conducting a soil test
Removing the current pavers or concrete (if applicable)
Excavating the site to the right depth
Laying down the base layer, as well as leveling and compacting the material
Correctly measuring, laying out, and filling the pavers
This is a job that demands a high level of planning and precision. To do the job correctly, hire a local hardscape contractor to perform a percolation test on your soil to see how much excavation you need, accurately excavate the site, and seamlessly install your permeable pavers.
Permeable pavers are relatively easy to maintain, but there are some additional steps compared to traditional pavers that you’ll need to take. Most importantly, the wider gaps—depending on the fill material—can promote weed growth, so you might need to remove weeds more often. For pavers with grass growing in the gaps, you’ll need to mow as part of your normal landscaping routine.
To ensure the most effective drainage system, keep grass cuttings, leaves, and other debris away from your newly installed permeable pavement and surrounding areas. Use a professional, outdoor vacuum cleaner, which you can rent at a home improvement store, to remove finer debris once or twice a year. Be sure to remove snow come winter and seasonally inspect the areas of your permeable pavement for wear and tear.
If you notice that your pavement is not draining properly or needs replacing, hire a hardscaper to help you get the job done.
With proper maintenance, permeable pavers should last between 20 and 30 years, and you could see lifespans upward of 40 years, depending on the materials. This is about the same useful life you’ll get from standard pavers. Routine maintenance like removing weeds and power washing. In some cases—specifically, if you have large gaps between pavers filled with grass or gravel, you can seal the pavers themselves for aesthetic purposes while still maintaining good permeability.
Professional installers often include a deep layer of crushed gravel under permeable pavers to allow more runoff to soak through into the soil below. Many installations will include multiple layers of gravel, with coarser aggregate at the base and finer aggregate that sits on top of that bottom layer. Above the gravel, you’ll often find coarse sand that helps reduce paver shifting over time. Some permeable paver designs include a water collection system set into the gravel layer to route runoff to a safe area for disposal.
Some permeable paver systems can benefit from sealing, but it’s not always a good idea. If you install pervious pavers designed to let water flow directly through them, then a sealer will reduce the permeability. If you install permeable pavers with wide gaps or voids filled with gravel or grass between them, then sealing the pavers can improve their appearance and longevity with a minimal negative impact on permeability.
