How to Replace a Well Pump in 8 Clear Steps

Assess Your Well Pump

Before starting, do a thorough evaluation of your current system. Assess the condition of your existing pump to determine whether it's reparable or if a replacement is necessary. Look for signs of wear, corrosion, damage, or any other malfunction. Pay close attention to unusual noises, decreased water pressure, or inconsistent water supply. 

Common well pump issues that could lead to a full replacement include a lack of water flow due to leaks or pump malfunctions. Continuous pump operation may indicate a leak or pressure tank problem, as well. 

Low water pressure can result from tank issues, low water levels, or improper pump sizing. Sediment in water could be due to an overpowered pump, a damaged filter, or a pump location. 

By doing this initial assessment, you can make an informed decision about whether to invest in repairs or opt for a replacement based on the issues you’ve found.

Identify Pump Type and Specs

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Here, you’ll identify the correct type of pump for your shallow well. Shallow wells typically use jet pumps, but you’ll need to confirm this for your property. Additionally, take note of the specific model and horsepower requirements. These specs depend on factors such as the depth of your well and the volume of water you need to pump. By accurately determining the pump type and its specifications, your well water system will be more efficient and reliable.

Selecting the right replacement pump involves more than just replicating the old model. Consider factors like: 

• Well depth

• Water demand

• Your specific needs

If you’re having trouble determining the right horsepower for your well, contact a professional or use the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure an optimal match for your system.

Shut Off Power and Water

Begin by shutting off power to the circuit breaker that controls the well pump so no electrical current runs through the system. It’s also best to turn off the water supply to the well, which prevents water from flowing into the system, causing water damage during the pump replacement. 

To turn off the power supply to your well pump: 

• Access your electrical panel 

• Locate the breaker specifically labeled for the pump 

• If there's no clear label, look for one mentioning submersible or jet pump 

• Switch the breaker to the off position

To halt the water supply to your well: 

• Locate the main shutoff valve, usually where the water pipe enters your home

• Turn it clockwise to close it

Drain the System

Now it’s time to relieve the pressure within the system by opening the faucets and valves in your plumbing network. This also prevents sudden bursts of water when you disconnect the old pump. 

To relieve pressure in the plumbing network, turn on one or more faucets inside the house. The idea is to create an open pathway for air to enter the plumbing system, which allows water to flow freely. 

In addition to faucets, locate and open valves, such as the main shutoff valve, which is typically found where the water line enters the house. This helps all parts of the plumbing system depressurize, making it safer to work on your well pump.

Disconnect the Existing Pump

Carefully detach the electrical wires, taking note of their arrangement so you can reconnect them later. Next, disconnect the plumbing connections that link the pump to the well system—take note of this layout as well so you can put them back. Try making a diagram or labeling the wires to help you remember where they go. 

Remove the Old Pump

It's time to lift your old pump out of the well casing—carefully. If necessary, use a hoist or pulley system to lift the pump out gently to prevent damage to the well casing or any other components. 

Once removed, dispose of the old pump following local regulations. Recycling or safely discarding the old equipment is not only good for the environment but also ensures that no hazardous materials or waste threaten your well or the surrounding soil. 

You can check with your local authorities for specific guidelines on regulations. Many areas encourage recycling, but some pumps may contain hazardous materials that require special disposal.

Install the New Pump

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Lower the replacement pump carefully, so it aligns properly within the casing. Secure the pump in place according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, reconnect the electrical wiring by following the same configuration as the old pump. Reattach the plumbing connections, as well, and make sure they’re tightened. 

Test and Prime

Reconnect the electrical power to the pump at the circuit breaker. Then, prime the pump by adding water through the prime plug or designated port, whichever the manufacturer recommends. 

Once the pump is primed, observe it for any signs of leaks, irregular noises, or performance issues. Running a series of tests helps verify that the system is functioning correctly, and guarantees your water supply is reliable.

If you observe any unusual signs or issues after priming your pump, try to address them quickly. 

• Turn off the power to the pump and shut off the water supply to prevent further complications. 

• Inspect the system to identify the source of the problem. 

• Depending on the issue, you may need to make repairs or contact a professional to ensure the well pump is functional.