How To Install and Build a Cistern for Your Home
Keep your water supply nearby
If you find yourself at the mercy of high water bills, extreme weather, or frequent droughts, a water cistern may be a useful addition to your home. By collecting rainwater from your roof, you can create a private water supply to use for household tasks, garden irrigation, or even drinking. Read on to discover the different types of cisterns and how to install them in your home on your own or with a professional’s help.
What Is a Cistern?
A cistern is a water collection system that stores rainwater for household use. It uses a large tank that can be made from fiberglass, wood, steel, or concrete. When rainwater falls on a rooftop, it flows into pipes that empty into the tank. Leaves, dirt, and debris are filtered through mesh screens to keep the water as clean as possible.
The water that’s collected is stored in the tank for use in your home and garden. The tank keeps it safe from animals, insects, and temperature changes. You can access the water through a hand pump, drainage system, or electric pump.
Types of Cisterns
There are two main types of cisterns: in-ground and above-ground. In-ground systems are much more costly and need to be installed by a professional, whereas above-ground systems can be a cost-effective option that you can install yourself.
In-Ground Cisterns
In-ground cisterns are best for frigid temperatures or for collecting a large amount of water. These cisterns involve a complex installation process that is best left to the pros. Contractors will begin by calculating the size of the cistern needed and then excavating a hole of that size for the tank. They will also attach underground plumbing to the tank that brings rainwater underground.
The average cost of installing an in-ground cistern ranges from $12,000 to $21,000 and will include excavating costs, water system costs, regrading costs, labor costs, and piping costs. The total cost will depend on the size of your tank, piping complexity, and the materials used.
Above-Ground Cisterns
Above-ground cisterns are a much more cost-effective and less invasive option for those with smaller water-storage needs. They use a large tank that’s installed next to your property. It works with your existing roof, gutters, and downspouts to store rainwater.
The average cost of an above-ground cistern ranges from $70 to $6,000, depending on the size and material of the tank. Steel and concrete tanks are often the most extensive, whereas plastic and fiberglass tanks are less costly.
| Cistern Type (5,000 Gallon Size) | Cost Range |
|---|---|
| Polyethylene | $2,000 – $4,000 |
| Fiberglass | $2,000 – $5,000 |
| Steel | $3,000 – $6,000 |
| Concrete | $3,000 – $6,000 |
How To Install an Above-Ground Cistern
Installing an above-ground cistern can be done on your own. After choosing your tank material, follow the steps below to find the best tank size, the correct pump, and a downspout so your cistern is ready for the next rainfall.
Calculate Tank Size
Before installing your above-ground cistern, you’ll need to choose the tank size that’s best for your household. To find the correct size, calculate your household water demand by estimating how many gallons of water you use every month. Use the table below to calculate the gallons used from common activities every week.
| Activity | Gallons of Water Used |
|---|---|
| One load of laundry | 20 gallons |
| Taking a bath | 20 gallons |
| Taking a shower | 10 gallons |
| Flushing the toilet | 3 gallons |
Once you have that number, multiply it by four to find your monthly demand amount. This number is the minimum tank capacity you’ll need for your home. It’s recommended to choose a larger cistern than the amount you need (instead of a slightly smaller one) so you won’t have to transport water to the holding tank as often.
Select a Pump
Now that you have your tank size, it’s time to select a pump. The pump will move water from your tank to the home water inlet. The pump needs to have a maximum capable output that exceeds the distance of your water line. For example, if your water line is 25 feet long, you’ll need a pump with an output of 25 feet or more.
Create the Pump Outlet
After you get the right pump, join the inlet or suction to the bottom of your cistern. This is done by using pipe fittings or PVC plastic to create a connection. The pump outlet should be attached to a hose that connects to the demand point.
Attach the Downspout
The next step is to attach a downspout that will transfer water to the tank. The downspout will attach from your gutters to the top of the holding tank, allowing rainwater to collect.
You can purchase a downspout from your local hardware store for around $15. Once your downspout is connected, all you need to do is wait for a rainy day to fill your cistern!
Maintaining Your Cistern
Performing regular maintenance is important to keep your cistern water clean and flowing. Here are some maintenance steps that are done at different times of the year:
Conduct a water test twice a year to ensure that your water isn’t contaminated. Contamination can occur from sources such as cracks, bacterial growth, pollution, and roof debris.
If your water is contaminated, discolored, or has a foul odor, drain, sanitize, and refill the cistern. It’s recommended to have this done by a professional to ensure there isn’t re-contamination.
If you live in an area with frigid temperatures, insulate your cistern to prevent freezing. You can use a heat bulb or apply a layer of foam insulation around the tank.
Installing a Cistern: DIY vs. Hiring a Pro
The difficulty of installing a cistern largely depends on the type and size of cistern you need. In-ground cisterns should almost always be done by a professional as they require heavy machinery, ground excavation, and advanced plumbing techniques.
Above-ground DIY cistern installations are a much easier task to take on and can be done on your own if you have the correct tools and knowledge. However, if you feel uneasy about taking on the job, hiring a local well pump contractor near you is always a safe choice. They’ll be able to assess the installation area, help you choose the right size tank, complete the installation, and make sure everything is working correctly without contamination.
Frequently Asked Questions
A cistern works by collecting rainwater from your gutters and downspouts and storing it in a holding tank. The holding tank can be installed above or below ground, and the size will depend on your household needs. The stored water can then be used for household tasks, watering your garden, and even for drinking water.
The length of time that rainwater can be stored depends on the collection system, purpose, and condition of the water. Water that is used for your garden will last forever, as long as there isn’t any algae or bacteria. Water used for drinking can last as long as it’s properly treated and there is no contamination present.
The amount of rainwater you can collect depends on the size of your cistern. Cisterns range in size from 1,000 to 6,000-gallon capacity. The size you select depends on your household needs.