What an Edible Landscape Is and How to Create One
Cultivate a dual-purpose yard that's both beautiful and functional
Highlights
Edible landscaping is an aesthetically pleasing landscape type that’s safe to eat.
Common plants you can use are strawberries, fruit trees, and peppers.
The edible types you can plant depend on your hardiness zone.
Plan out your landscape and plants for the best results.
How convenient would it be to harvest cooking ingredients and healthy snacks right from your yard? Luckily, with edible landscaping, you can do just that, all while cultivating a lush and vibrant garden to surround your home. Read on for our list of the best plants by hardiness zone and planting season and some design pointers for your tasty garden project.
What Is Edible Landscaping?
Before discussing the best plants for an edible landscape, let’s cover what that means. Edible landscaping is a garden full of fruits, vegetables, and herbs that is stylish and consumable. This type of landscaping lets you get the most out of your lawn. It also saves you money and makes food readily available to you.
How to Choose the Right Edible Plants
Edible plants like leafy greens, corn, and peas tend to attract hungry animals easily, so they are best suited for covered or sectioned-off garden beds. The plants below are either somewhat resistant to wildlife or fare better when planted with ornamentals out in the open.
One thing to note is that if you plan to harvest and eat these fruits and vegetables, ensure not to treat them with harmful pesticides. Many pesticides and herbicides are not intended to be ingested by people. Research organic, safe products for edible plants and feed them with organic compost instead of fertilizer. You can also practice companion planting or pairing plants that enhance each other’s growth to keep your garden lush without harsh chemicals.
Fruits for an Edible Landscape
Who said midnight snacks had to be unhealthy? When creating an edible landscape, fruits are the first plants homeowners consider when deciding what to add. Let’s look at some of the more common types below.
Strawberries
Juicy and delicious, strawberries are the perfect summer fruit to please just about everyone. Strawberry plants are perennials that make excellent ground covers. Their runners spread quickly and may need frequent trimming, but those bright red berries that make great salad additions or smoothie ingredients are well worth your while.
Hardiness zones: 4–9
Season: Plant in spring in cool climates or fall in warmer climates
Perennial
Blueberries
A handful of fresh blueberries makes for a delicious, healthy snack. So, why not plant them right in your yard? Perfect for breakfast smoothies and fruit salads, blueberries sprout lantern-like white flowers on their bushes in the spring and turn a deep red-purple in the fall.
Hardiness zones: 3–9
Season: Plant blueberries in spring or late fall
Perennial
Fruit Trees
Who wouldn’t want to pluck delicious fruit from a tree in their own yard? Planting and nurturing fruit trees is incredibly rewarding. This type of edible landscaping allows you to enjoy different fruits without purchasing them at the grocery store.
Hardiness zones:
Pear: 4–8
Fig: 8–10
Plum: 3–8
Cherry: 5–7
Lemon: 9–11
Peach: 4–9
Orange: 9–11
Season: Plant in fall
Perennial
Herbs and Vegetables for Edible Landscaping
While fruits are known for their sweet appeal and pops of color, herbs, and veggies are hearty and give your landscape more texture and greenery. This balances it out and adds visual interest. Below are some common herbs and vegetables worth adding to your garden.
Herbs
Herbs are an obvious choice for edible landscaping, but make sure to go with perennials like oregano, lavender, rosemary, sage, and thyme. Annuals like basil and cilantro tend to attract animals with their strong aromas. For those herbs, stick to planting them in an enclosed garden or kitchen herb garden.
Hardiness zones:
Sage: 5–9
Rosemary: 7–10
Oregano: 5–12
Lavender: 5–9
Thyme: 5–9
Season: Plant in early spring
Peppers
There are many hot and sweet peppers, and they all have excellent uses in salsas and salads. Bell peppers and cayenne peppers bring an interesting pop of color to the garden. However, their leaves tend to attract hungry animals, so wait until they’ve grown taller and harder before planting them in the open.
Hardiness zones: 9–11
Season: Plant seeds in late winter or early spring
Perennials, often grown as annuals
Artichokes
Baked, grilled, or steamed, artichokes are delicious additions to meals. Also, artichoke plants will introduce one of the most interesting shapes to your landscape. Their spiky, thick foliage makes a statement, but their purple flowers bring vibrancy to the whole yard when in bloom. An artichoke’s prickly leaves are unappealing to hungry wildlife, making this edible a safe bet for an open landscape.
Hardiness zones: 7–11
Season: When grown as annuals, plant in spring; in warmer regions, plant in fall
Annuals in cooler regions; short-lived perennials in warm regions
Eggplants
Eggplants can offer some texture variety among a bed of flowers. While the shiny, purple varieties we all know and love are beautiful, there are also other types to choose from, some round and some white. Eggplants mature quickly and have scratchy leaves that can keep wildlife at bay. Their star-shaped flowers add even more beauty to your edible landscaping project. Not to mention that the roasted vegetable is a satisfying addition to meals.
Hardiness zones: 5–12
Season: Start seeds indoors, plant outside in late spring
Perennials, often grown as annuals
Beans
Pole beans can grow tall on a trellis, which adds height variety to your garden. They also make healthy and tasty vegetable side dish additions. Just make sure to put chicken wire around the bottom of the plants so wildlife can’t get to them first.
Hardiness zones: 3–10
Season: Plant in spring after danger of frost has passed or in fall 10 weeks before expected frost
Annuals
Onions, Garlic, and Chives
Alliums such as onions, garlic, and chives are perfect for edible landscaping because not only will wildlife not target them, but they also make desirable ingredients. You can plant them among other veggies to try to keep animals away from them, too. Chives bloom in cute purple tufts that will look right at home in the garden.
Hardiness zones: 3–9
Season: Plant in early fall
Perennials
Kales
Kale is one of the healthiest vegetables out there, and it’s a beautiful addition to a landscape, too. This vegetable comes in various colors, from green to red, and grows frilly, ornate leaves. Its diverse coloring will make the whole garden look even lusher than before.
Hardiness zones: 7–9
Season: Plant in spring
Biennial
Tomatoes
Tomatoes are a garden favorite, so why not work them into the landscape? This sun-loving plant will add height to your garden wherever you decide to place a trellis or stake for it to climb. Before long, you’ll have plenty of this essential ingredient for homemade salsa, salad, sauces, and stews.
Hardiness zones: 5–8
Season: Plant in late spring or early summer
Perennials, often grown as annuals
Edible Flowers
Don’t overlook edible flowers in your landscape. Daisies, dandelions, hibiscus, honeysuckle, pansies, roses, lavender, lilac, and sunflowers add exuberant colors to your yard. They also make lovely garnish options for salads or cocktails.
Hardiness zones: Varies by flower
Season: Varies by flower
Edible Landscape Design Tips
Edible plants can also be attractive. For best results, start small and choose just a few fruits or vegetables you actually like to eat. Mix these edible plants with ornamental plants, and you can expand your selection of edible plants over time.
You don’t have to have a massive budget to make your garden look beautiful. All you need is time, patience, and a willingness to play around with your layout to see what you like best. To help you get started, we’ve compiled a few design tips below.
1. Know Your Landscape
Study your outdoor space to find out which areas get the most sunshine. It’s a good idea to pick a spot with at least six hours of sunlight and access to water, where most vegetables and fruits will thrive.
For other areas of the yard, consider these edible plants that thrive in the shade:
Currants
Blueberries
Alliums
Artichokes
Cherry tomatoes
Make sure to test your soil's nutrients before getting started. You can add mulch and topsoil to your edible landscape, but it’s important to know if you have a good foundation and to identify the most healthy areas of the yard. If you need some, mulch costs around $30 to $150 per cubic yard.
2. Create Unity and a Focal Point
For unity, group similar plant types together. For example, use a tall row of berry bushes as a backdrop for low-growing greens. You can also create an eye-catching focal point with fruit trees or large, vibrant bushes.
3. Pick a Color Scheme
Because there are so many colorful options, mixing edibles with ornamental plants allows you to play around with the color schemes of your landscape. If you have a small space, stick to just two to three colors and repeat them throughout the space.
Here are some edible plant pairing suggestions:
Purple and pink: chive, red kale, eggplant, sage, lavender
Yellow: bell pepper, yellow cherry tomato
Red: tomato, cayenne pepper
White: oregano, plum tree, honeysuckle
4. Add a Walkway for Accessibility
To create clear lines that separate the edible landscape from walkways, consider rock borders to differentiate your edible landscape from a stone or gravel path. A stone and gravel company can help you plan this out.
Also, make sure all areas of your edible landscape are accessible for watering. You don’t want to trample your plants just to get to the ones in the back.
It’s a nice touch to plant fragrant herbs and flowers, such as lavender and mint, along a walkway so that passersby will get a whiff of their sweet scents.
5. Use Privacy Screens
Wish everyone didn’t have a drive-in theater view of your home and yard, but not interested in traditional fencing? Fruit trees, rows of tall-growing shrubs, and tall edibles like asparagus can form a natural privacy screen for your yard. Plant these along the edge of your yard or against a wall of your house.
6. Opt for Containers
For even more visual variety, include several plants in containers throughout the landscape. Plus, containers help prevent pests in the soil from eating your plants. Common container ideas include stone pots, horse troughs, and raised beds.
DIY vs. Hiring a Pro to Create an Edible Landscape
It can be extremely rewarding to grow your own food and have it look great at the same time. Hire a local landscaping professional to make the most of your edible garden aspirations in your specific region. A landscaper costs about $50 to $100 per hour.
Caroline Gilbert contributed to this piece.
Frequently Asked Questions
There are a few ways to keep pesky bugs away from your garden. One option you have is to plant flowers so beneficial insects like ladybugs can control pests for you. A similar method is companion planting, which means you’ll grow vegetables that’ll discourage pests, like garlic, onions, and basil. The best pest prevention method will depend on the bugs you have issues with and the plants in your garden.
You can take multiple approaches to keep animals out of your edible landscape. You can use natural repellents such as mint and cayenne pepper to deter them from your garden. You can also build a fence (or opt for a privet hedge) or keep the most enticing plants in a sectioned-off area. The most efficient method of keeping your four-legged guests at bay is to determine what animal it is and create a customized plan for them.
Generally, you want the soil for your edible plants to have good drainage, organic matter for nutrients, a loose texture (like loam soil), and a balanced pH level. However, the type of plants you're growing will dictate the exact characteristics your soil needs to thrive. For example, brussels sprout prefers more acidic soil, while broccoli prefers more alkaline soil.